Providing quality nursing care in intensive care units is a crucial component of hospital services. Conversely, the stress and workload in these environments put nurses at risk of job burnout. This study aimed to examine the relationship between missed nursing care and job burnout among nurses in intensive care units. This cross-sectional study used census sampling to recruit 200 nurses working in the intensive care units of teaching hospitals at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The data were collected using demographic information forms, the Kalisch Missed Nursing Care Questionnaire, and the Persian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 24. In this study, the mean score of missed nursing care was 35.29 ± 9.43. Additionally, a moderate level of job burnout among nurses was found, with a mean score of 42.54 ± 17.22. The results indicated a significant relationship between missed nursing care and nurses’ gender and economic status (P < 0.05). Furthermore, missed nursing care was significantly related to job burnout (positive correlation) and its dimensions, including depersonalization and personal accomplishment (P < 0.05). Based on these findings, to enhance the quality of healthcare services in intensive care units, measures should be taken to reduce missed nursing care and job burnout among nurses.