This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in characterizing neural plasticity in glioblastoma patients. Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor, has a rapid growth rate and infiltrative nature that leads to the disorganization of the normal brain network. Neuroplasticity, still not fully understood, is the foundation for the development of brain functions during the growth and recovery of certain brain functions after a brain lesion such as a tumor, trauma, or vascular event. Functional MRI has the capacity to identify the regions that activate at rest or when performing a task. It can determine the extent to which these regions, responsible for a specific function, are impacted by a tumor and eventually after surgical excision. Likewise, it can help evaluate to which extent activation changes when recovery of function occurs. In this article, we aimed to understand the significance of fMRI in the management of glioblastoma by analyzing representative articles from the literature.