2023, Volume 16, Issue 1, pp 160 – 166

Investigating protein C and S levels in pregnant women with recurrent early pregnancy loss normal pregnancy

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Authors and Affiliations

Corresponding Author: Beenish Mukhtar, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: drbeenishshah@yahoo.com

Abstract

Miscarriage in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy is very common, and coagulopathy can be a contributing factor. Protein C and S deficiency are rare, inherited disorders that can increase the risk of thrombophilia. Women with these deficiencies have a higher risk of developing blood clots in the placenta, which can lead to placental insufficiency and, ultimately, to a miscarriage. We aimed to compare the levels of protein C and protein S in pregnant females with recurrent first and second-trimester pregnancy loss and normal pregnant females. We performed a detailed history, examination, and various lab tests on a cohort of 40 females with a history of recurrent first and second-trimester abortions visiting an outpatient clinic at a multi-specialty hospital in Kashmir, India. All the findings were compared with 40 women with normal pregnancies. 10% of the participants had low protein C and S levels (P=0.277), out of whom 75% (p<0.001) had intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on ultrasound with 67% (p<0.001) having reduced doppler flow in the umbilical artery. 0.05% of participants had isolated protein S deficiency with no concomitant IUGR seen. Patients with protein C and S deficiencies were treated with heparin and progesterone and followed up for pregnancy outcomes. Screening for protein C and S deficiency is mandatory in all cases of recurrent pregnancy loss. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin and progesterone should be initiated to ensure good fetal outcomes and prevent post-partum/postoperative catastrophic venous thromboembolism events.

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About this article

PMC ID: 9979182
PubMed ID: 36873128
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0267

Article Publishing Date (print): 1 2023
Available Online: 

Journal information

ISSN Printing: 1844-122X
ISSN Online: 1844-3117
Journal Title: Journal of Medicine and Life

Copyright License: Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.


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