The study’s objective was to investigate the factors associated with child and adolescent abuse in the MAMIS program at Hipólito Unanue Hospital in the Tacna-Peru region during 2019–2021. The study used a quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional, and correlational approach to analyze 174 cases of child abuse. The study found that the majority of child abuse cases involved children between the ages of 12–17 (57.4%), with a secondary level of education (51.15%), females (56.9%), and not consuming alcohol or drugs (88.5%). Prevalent household characteristics included single-parent families (48.28%), parents aged 30–59 (58.5%), divorced (37.3%), with secondary level of education (68.9%), independent occupation (64.9%), no history of parental violence (91.3%), no addiction or substance abuse issues (95.4%), and no psychiatric disorders (95.4%). The most common types of abuse were psychological (93.68%), followed by neglect or abandonment (38.51%), physical (37.93%), and sexual (27.0%). The study determined a significant relationship (95% confidence level) between socio-demographic characteristics, such as age, sex, and substance use, and specific types of child abuse.