Rationale: The management of renal parenchymal tumors has known many changes over time, a trend that continues today, as a result of technological advances, clinical research and improved diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

Unfortunately, conventional cancer treatments–chemotherapy and radiotherapy have proven ineffective and modern approaches such as immunotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, though they enjoyed an initial enthusiasm, subsequent studies have shown limited and controversial effects. Thus, surgery remains the gold standard therapy for this type of cancer.

The options for the treatment of RCC are numerous, with options that have advantages and disadvantages, with oncological results, in most cases, positive at five years and with different impact on cancer specific survival.

It is difficult to compare the results, as these are different techniques with various instruments and intraoperative steps, with more questionable inclusion criteria, selection biases and prosecution, with a tendency for preferential enrollment, different reasons to why randomized prospective studies have not been performed until today.

Objective: This article is a review of the diagnosis and methods of treatment of small renal masses 2011.

Conclusion: At the beginning of the new millennium, kidney cancer, with all the arsenal of techniques and methods of ablative surgery, remains a potentially fatal disease for a high percentage of patients, and the decision to choose a treatment or another should be taken with responsibility, depending on currently existing medical records, the degree of expertise and not based on subjective or other non–standard parameters.