Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by the abnormal production of ovarian androgens resulting in elevated levels of male sex hormones in women. This condition is often marked by the development of a group of small cysts, fluid-filled sacs (cysts) in the ovaries. This study aimed to analyze serum levels of prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and specific hematological parameters in women with PCOS. In total, 70 women were enrolled, of which 50 were diagnosed with PCOS at an obstetrics institution in Karbala from February and May 2022, and 20 were excluded. Participant selection was based on the Rotterdam 2003 criteria, and we excluded postmenopausal women, those with hyperprolactinemia, and those with overt thyroid dysfunction. The control group included 20 fertile women with normal hormone levels, regular menstrual cycles, and no signs of hyperandrogenism, as verified by ultrasonography. Ages 15 to 46 were similar with regard to the frequency of illness, with those under 36 having a higher incidence. Data were collected via questionnaires, hormone level assessments, and complete blood count (CBC) tests. There was a significant increase in hormone levels (LH, FSH, prolactin, TSH) and CBC values (WBC, Hb, and Plt) in the PCOS group compared to the control group. We observed that women between 26 and 35 were more susceptible to PCOS. Furthermore, women who were overweight demonstrated a higher susceptibility to the syndrome.