Natural cannabinoids have been used for centuries for their psychotropic properties, but their possible therapeutic implications in analgesia have been recently documented. The present review intended to make an analysis of the neuroanatomy and physiology of the cannabinoid system (receptors, functions, agents acting on these receptors) and of its implications in neuropathic pain. There were also described the complex phenomena implicated in the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain, by high lightening the implications of endogenous cannabinoids in this complex of painful conditions. The pharmacological analgesia test proves of cannabinoid implication in neuropathic pain was sustained by many studies presented in this paper. Therapeutic approaches using natural and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists were reviewed. Therapeutic perspectives in neuropathic pain might involve the development of new agents that influence the cannabinoid system. Thus, peripheral acting cannabinoid 1 receptors agonists, selective cannabinoid 2 receptor agonists and also modulators of endocannabinoids metabolism might be a way to success in the treatment of this complex entity called neuropathic pain.