Urolithiasis is a significant social and financial problem. According to contemporary literature data, 1-5% of the global population suffers from urolithiasis. The prevalence of this disease is about 10% of the population of the Republic of Moldova. Scientific and practical researches in the field of urology, and especially those devoted to renal lithiasis, focus on the diagnosis and treatment process, giving little importance to the cause of formation, metabolic disturbances, and especially to prophylaxis and metaphylaxis of the disease recurrence. However, the impact of this disease may be diminished by specialized or general metaphylaxis treatment. The article presents results of the analysis of different methods of metaphylaxis of recurrent urolithiasis. The implementation of metaphylaxis measures significantly reduces the rate and risk of recurrence in patients with recurrent urolithiasis. Specialized metaphylaxis treatment reduces the risk of lithiasis recurrence 5 times and general metaphylaxis – 2 times compared to the lack of metaphylaxis, which requires this treatment to prevent the recurrence of urolithiasis.