One of the most important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity complicating significant percentage pregnancies is intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Fetal growth restriction is the main cause of intrauterine fetal death and the second leading cause of death in the neonatal period.

Numerous studies in different populations reveal an association between intrauterine growth restriction and perinatal and postnatal developments, which differ according to the sex of newborns with intrauterine growth restriction. However, the mechanisms of intrauterine programming, the critical time necessary to cause injury and involvement of other factors are unclear and although several authors’ opinions differ, it seems that females are more likely to develop intrauterine growth restriction.

Abbreviations: IUGR=intrauterine growth restriction